1st Day of June. The Day unpleasant. Cool, snow on the South Side of the Road from three to Eight miles Distant. Crossed the river and encamped on the Bank. Great Conveneces for Ferrying here. Men have Come from Salt Lake and prepared Boats. 30 miles to Day.

2nd Sunday. We are laying over toDay resting.

3rd We here leave the Platte river and Cross over to the Sweet water. We here have alkali water for twenty nine miles. Here we Come to the Willow Springs. Grass scarce. We drove Six miles further and Stoped at a Small Creek. 35 miles for the Day.

4th This morning five of our horses are found to be alkalied. We think they got it from the grass. We hurded them on low Land. We gave each a pint and a half of Lard. This Started the Bots to work. We then bathed them with turpentine. They got able to go. We went fifteen miles where we Came to the Sweet water. It is Eight Rods wide & two & a half feet Deep, water good, Current Swift, good grass but no timber. 15 miles to Day.

5th We Came this morning to Independent Rock.This rock Stands alone, is about Seventy feet high, of an oveling Shape and about three hundred feet in Surcumference. Up the Side about two thirds of the way to the top is a Spring of good water breaking out, and near the top is a Cave Sell ten feet wide & fifteen feet long. The whole Rock is literally Covered with names of emegrants. This takes the apelation of Independent Rock from the fact of a train of Oregon Emegrants having a Selebration here Some Eight years ago. It is also remarkable for being the place where Lovejoy was taken prisoner by the Indians. He was made to Set a whole Day on this Rock without being Suffered to move hand or foot. Four miles from here we Came to the Devils Gate, a place where the river Decend through a point of the mountains, distantce about four hundred yards. The river here is Confined in a Space of about four rods in width, a great fall, Curent very Swift. The Rocks rise on each Side to the hight of four hundred & fifty feet. The road runs South of this Point through a narrow Defile, just wide enough for waggons to pass and very near level. Great quantities of Snow South of the Road. We are now in the rocky mountains. This river emties into the Platte river. 25 miles to Day.

6th Weather pleasant, Some alkali, heavy Sand half the Day. 27 miles to Day.

7th Road good, the assent up the mountains gradual. Snow in great quantities a little off the Road, no timber, massive heaps of Pure granite. 23 miles for the Day.

8th Snow in abundance. We drove over Bank of Snow four feet Deep where we Stoped to noon. We See near in a ravine Snow forty feet Deep. Game in abundance, Sutch as grisley & Black Bare, Black Deer, mountain Sheep & antelope. 25 miles for the Day.

9th Sunday. We have Come one hundred & forty three miles & are resting to Day. no timber.

10th Here we Cross the Sweet water for the last time. It is ten yards wide & two & a half feet Deep. This is Seven miles East of the Summit of the rocky mountains. We pass the Summit at Eleven oclock. This divides the waters of the Atlantic from the waters of the Pacific. We Stop to noon at what is Called Pacific Springs, the head of Pacific Creek. We go a mile & half and Cross this Creek. We then have no more water for twenty three miles. We have water with us. Encamped thirteen miles from the Creek. 23 miles for the Day.

11th We pass the forks of the Oregon and Salt Lake roads. We have taken the Salt Lake road, those that go Sublets Cutoff take the Oregon Road. I will here give the Latitude and Altitude of the South Pass or Summit. It is in Latitud forty two Deg. & Eighteen minutes North, and altitude Seven thousand three hundred feet above the level of the Sea. We have Drove to a Creek. It is Nine yards wid and two feet Deep, good water but little grass. We have Seen Several Sick men in the last few Days. They have the mountain fever. We Come to Big Sandy. It is here Seven rods wide and two feet deep, no wood. 22 miles for the Day.

12th We have Seventeen miles without water. We are in Oregon Territory, we have Come to Big Sandy again, the Land Poor here, producing nothing but Sage & Chaperell. This last mentioned growsn in bunches and is very thorney, It grows about four feet high. We See the horny Toad Fifteen miles to the green river. This Stream is fifteen rods wide and has a bold Current, and very Deep at this time, it being full, water very Cold. We have to Ferry this river. There is two tolerable good Boats, these Boats are kept by mormoans and Indian traders. 27 miles for the Day.

13th This morning a man undertook to Swim a horse across the river and when about the middle of the Stream the horse Sunk. The man was not likely to make the Shore and Called for help. An Indian, Seeing his distress, mounted a poney, went in and relieved him. These are the Snake Indians. We lay here all Day. Some rain to Day.

14th We tried to Swim our horses but Could not make them Cross. We got Ferried over in the evening. A good deal of rain to Day. We pay for Ferriage, Eight Dls for one waggon & gour horses. We have encamped on the Bank of the River, Some Cottonwood timber here.

15th Roads good, but high wind and quite Cool. We have our Coats & mittens on and have to walk a part of the time to keep Comforatble. Twenty Seven miles to Hams fork. Here we have to ferry again. The Boat is a waggon box. This river is four Rods wide and five feet Deep. We had to unload our waggons @ Draw them across with a roap and Swim our horses. Paid a Dollar and a half. Drove one mile and encamoped. This ferry man is a mountaineer, has a Squaw wife. This is the Case Back at green river. I was in Some Wigwams where white men lived. They have a Squaw wife and are raising families. They talk the Indian toung altogether; they never expect them to be anything but Indians. I went to one tent belonging one of the ferrymen, a Smart & intelegent fellow, Came from the States and has been Six years a mountaineer. When I talked to him of his friends and his home it Seemed to touch his feelings. I Could See that his hart almost bled. He had a wife and a little Boy Child about two years old. He Said he calculated to go home in about two years. He wanted to take his Boy home and Send him to School. He Said he never Could make a white man of him But that he Could make his Brain. I then asked him what he would do with his Squaw. He Said he would give her Some horses & Some other thing and let her go Back to her own tribe. He Said he had made her this proposal after they had lived together about a year. She refused Saying that She would rather Stay with him. She belonged to a tribe Down South, Six hundred miles. She was taken prisoner by one tribe & Sold to another & another, got up North and this white man bought her. This is a good harted Clever fellow about thirty years old and good looking, but is doomed to a hard fortune, hired to a trader and Come off here in the mountains, Serve out his time, got into Business for himself, has now got a family and will in all probability Drag out a miserable existence here among the Tawney & heathenish Tribes of the mountains. Snow on the North and South of us. 28 miles for the Day.

16th Sunday. We are traveling to Day, the first Sunday that we have traveled. Ice this morning one fourth of an inch thick. Cool to day, high wind, no timber, and not much grass, Land Poor, Seventeen miles (17) miles for the Day.

17th We are in a Severe Snow Squall this morning. It has lasted about three hours. After the Snow, high wind and Cool. We passed Fort Bridger at ten oclock. This Fort is kept by some of those mountaineers. They trade withe the Indians, they also keep Stock to trade and Sell to Emegrants. It is not a government Fort. We pass to Day near old Snow Banks. We have Come to good grass at noon, the only good for three hundred miles. We see a little timber toDay. 20 miles toDay. It is now Snowing at Bedtime.

18th Ice this morning. We passed this morning the Sody Springs, we also passed the Summit of Bare Mountain. Old Snow to Day in great abundance, air Cool. I now Set on a Snow Bank while writing. Altitude of this Summit Seven thousand Seven hundred feet. We Cross this evening Bare river. It is Six Rods wide & three feet Deep, Current Swift, water Cold. Here we have Strong evidence of all those mountains being once Burned. This river flows into Salt Lake. Bare mountain here is the eastern rim of the great Bason of the Salt Lake. 22 miles for the Day.

19th Heavy Frost and Ice in Camp one inch thick this morning. We have passed over a verry high Ridge this fore noon and I now Set in a Cave in the Side of a mountain. The first Room or entrance is about twenty by forty feet and from four to Six feet high. There is a further entrance only Big enough to admit a man or woolf to pass through and inhabited only by woolves and Skunks. Just now a little humming Bird Came in, flew once around and left. This is the only one that I have Seen. Some other birds abot here. This Cave is of Sand Rock. We are Decending the mountain. 25 miles to Day.

20th We are Decending through a narrow pass along a Creek. The Bottom is about one hundred yards wide and the Rocks rise on each Side to the higth of from Three to Seven hundred feet and in Some places the Rock have Rolled Down So as to almost impede a passage. We have crossed this Creek about twnty times. Noon, we are near the mouth of this Creek and have Decended in two Day, two thousand feet.At two oclock we Cross Weber River on a raft. Had to Swim our horses, paid three Dollars. This stream is Six Rods wide and four feet Deep and has a verry Swift Current. Here we begin to assend another mountain. We go up a Small raive, Crossed the Ridge and down another. 20 miles for the day.

21st Then we assend another large Creek, we Cross this Stream elevn times & Crossed Some bad Swamps. We leave this and go up another ravine. It is the worst Road that we have had, being verry Stony. This leads us to the top of Bare mountain. Here we pass over Snow, Six feet Deep. The altitude of this mountain is Seven thousand, two hundred & Forty feet. Here we have to let our waggons Down with a roap, the Decent here is the greatest that we have Come to at any previous place, it being very long. Here we See Some Pinhe timber the first that we have Seen. We here See Some logs cut to be used at Salt Lake City, fifteen miles Distant. We have but three waggons in our train Since we passed the junction of the Roads. We this afternoon Cross another verry high ridge. 23 miles for the Day.

22nd We pass a ravine or Creek, Bad Road. We Stop eight miles from the City in order to have grass for our animals. Some of our Boys have gone to the City, this Evening. We See here wild wheet, Flax, gooseberry & rose Bushes; we are now where the weather is pleasantly warm but are yet in Sight of mountain of Snow.

23rd Sunday. I have went to the City to Day. I pass doun a Canion (a narrow Defile) four miles. This takes me to the valley & in Sight of the City, four miles from the mouth of the Canion. I got in, went to he Bowery, a place of worship. This house is built of Dobie Brick, Covered with Plank and Dirted over the top. It is Sixty by one hundred & forty feet. I heard at this place, a Methodist Priest hold forth first, then P.P.Pratt. After an intermition, Brigham Young Spoke. This City has Eleven Hundred Houses, Large Lots, wide and Convient Streets and Cross at rite angle. The houses are built of Dobies and Covered with Dirt, No timber in the valley. The citizens of the City have to go from ten to twelve miles into the mountains for their wood. They generally Stay two Days when they go after a load. Salt Lake is twenty miles from the City. We Did not go to the Lake because Jordon was high and the Bridge was Broke Down. Jordon is the outlet from Utaw Lake into Salt Lake. Utaw is fresh water.The Citizens go to the Lake in the faul Season when the water is low and get their Salt. They tell me that they Shovel it up with a Sand Shovel where it has dryed on the Beach. They get Salaratus the Same way. I have Seen it an inch thick at Salaratus Lake. In the mountains they get their Lime, for Plastering in the Same way or nearly So. They have in some places to take off about eighteen inches of Earth. Their they find Depostied and amount of good Lime, and in some places it has enough of Sand to make it fit for use. The great Secret of this is very obvious; those mountains have Been and are now Burning. They have had Limestone. It Burned into Lime and has been washed Down and had Deposited in the Earth and as long as it is kept from the air and Fast, it will remain good. Salaratus is formed in the Same way. There is near the city and on the North Side, a warm Spring, just warm enough to Bathe in. It is Strongly impregnated with Sulphur and Salt. It is Considered very healthy to Bathe in this Spring. Two miles further North is a hot Spring, hot enough to Cook meat. This valley is very fertile yielding grass and grain in great abundance, Particularly Small grain Sutch as wheat, oats, Rye, Barley & all Sorts of Garden Stuffs. Cattle live on the range all winter and do well, the Best grazing here now that I have ever Seen any Place. I See here on the valley growing wild, Barley, Wheat, Red Clover, Timothy & Hurd grass. (We have moved Down below or North of the City, twelve miles). I think the grazing will not last many years, from the Closest observation that I can make. Cattle has now to be taken Eight miles from the City to graze. They have regular hurdsman to attend to the City milk cows & other Cattle. The fencing here is verry indifferent Being generally Ditching and Poles. I have not Seen any rails, the timber being Small & very tough, Some Suitable for Sawing, Some Sawmills. I see Some Stone fence, no Stone Suitable for Buildin houses, as they have all been Burned. The Settlement Extends Forty miles North of the City and one hundred & Forty South, the Lake being west. The nunber of inhabitance is estimated at Twelve thousand. The first Colony Emigrated to this valley in 1847. They Built a Small Fort. They were not molested to any great Degree by the natives until the faul and winter of 49 at which time the Utaws annoyed them to Sutch an extent, by Steeling their Cattle and threatening thier Persons, to Sutch a degree that they had to Send out Some of their Boys to pay them a visit. They killed Several Indians, Subdued the reaminder and have had peace Since that time. This City is Cituated in Latitude North Forty Deg. Eighteen min & twenty two Sec. I will here mention that Salt Lake is interspersed with Islands or mountains. The mountains that Surround the City are Covered with perpetual Snow. This Lake has no outlet and it has been Surveyed (by a man employed by the Government) to a considerable extent and there has been no place found that is more than twelve feet Deep. They have but two Seasons, the wet & Dry. The wet Season Sets in as a jeneral thing about the last of October and lasts until the first of April. No Thunder & Lightning here as we have in the States. They have but little Snow here in the vallies and when it Does Snow it Soon melts off. The Dry Season includes the balance of the year, During which time it Seldom ever rains. The Cultivated Lands have to be Iregated. This is a easy matter as the facilities are great & the Land verry Suseptible of Iregation. This has the appearance of a verry healthy place. We have Sold our waggons here and are going to Pack through.